Chlorofluorocarbons cfc s, carbon tetrachloride, and methyl chloroform are important humanproduced ozone depleting gases that have been used in many. O3, ozone, is poisonous, but it does filter out radiation. In the united states, ozonedepleting substances ods are regulated as class i or class ii controlled substances. Emissions arising from leaks of an ozonedepleting substance, whether or not the leaks are deliberate, may be regulated by parties to the protocol of 1997. Face book for example provides a basis for the understanding of the peoples interaction, as one is able to get what the other person is doing if he or she updates the status. In the 1950s r22 became popular and eventually became the main refrigerant to use in home and commercial air conditioning units. The freon gas was named as the most probable culprit. The latter phenomenon is referred to as the ozone hole. Ozonedepleting substances ods contain various combinations of the chemical elements chlorine, fluorine, bromine, carbon, and hydrogen and are often described by the general term halocarbons. Atmosphere air pollution free ebook download as pdf file. The odp is the ratio of the impact on ozone of a chemical compared to the impact of a similar mass of cfc11. The montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer a protocol to the vienna convention for the protection of the ozone layer is an international treaty designed to protect the ozone layer by phasing out the production of numerous substances that are responsible for ozone depletion. Ozone is considered as helpful in the stratosphere and harmful substance in the troposphere. The frequent use of inhaled corticosteroids icss, especially at higher doses, has been accompanied by concern about both systemic and local side effects.
Ozone is a natural gas, which is produced when sunlight strikes the atmosphere. Ozonedepleting substances ods regulation 12 page content included within the definition of ods are the chlorofluorocarbons cfc and halons used respectively in older refrigeration and firefighting systems and portable equipment. Ods were also used as the blowing agent in some insulation foams. Methyl bromide is extremely effective as a quarantine fumigant. Emissions arising from leaks of an ozone depleting substance, whether or not the leaks are deliberate, may be regulated by parties to the protocol of 1997. For federally regulated ozone depleting refrigerants follow this flow chart. R4a tetrafluoroethane is an environmental non ozone depleting refrigerant, the cooling capacity and efficiency and r12 is very close, they were regarded as longterm alternative to r12. By law, a certified technician is the only person who can remove, discharge, handle and dispose of. Full text of nasa technical reports server ntrs 19950025325. The entire story of ozone depletion due to chlorofluorocarbons cfc was just that, a story, a scientifically created deception. Decision xx7 of the meeting of the parties to montreal protocol, related to the environmentally sound management of banks of ozone depleting substances, is requesting both ias and mlf to consider as a matter of urgency commencing pilot projects that may cover the collection, transport, storage and destruction of ozone depleting substances. R12 was the first type of mainstream refrigerant on the market.
Atmosphere air pollution stratosphere atmosphere of earth. R4a tetrafluoroethane is an environmental nonozonedepleting refrigerant, the cooling capacity and efficiency and r12 is very close, they were regarded as longterm alternative to r12. For state regulated ozone depleting refrigerants follow this flow chart. As per marpol annex vi, an ozone depleting substance record book to be kept and maintained onboard. Some ozonedepleting substances odss are not yet controlled by the montreal protocol. List of equipment containing ozone depleting substances. R4a is widely used in automotive air conditioning and residential, commercial and industrial refrigeration systems, but also as a blowing agent for rigid. There is not an ozone problem that man has created. Oil record books shall be provided in a form specified. Ozone depleting substancesods these are manmade chemicals which degrade. Beginning in 2012, carb will also require annual reports for specific pieces of equipment.
Ozonedepleting substances ods regulation 12 included within the definition of ods are the chlorofluorocarbons cfc and halons used respectively in older refrigeration and firefighting systems and portable equipment. The two most common cfcs and hcfcs are r12 and r22 refrigerant. In australia and other developed countries the phase out of the most potent chemicals happened between 1991 and 1995. If all items that contain the primary refrigerant e. Ozonedepleting substances ozone layer protection us epa. Uncle silas wants to move away from farming since the work is too much for him now. This means that when a substance changes from one state to another, it releases or absorbs energy. However, the statement is false for the professionals who are licensed to handle the recycling of refrigerant.
It was a forerunner and template for the much larger deception of global warming entirely due to human produced co2. Epa class 1 ozone depleting substance certification. There are also springtime polar tropospheric ozone depletion. Class i substances have a higher ozone depletion potential and have been completely phased out in the u. These substances are effective ozonedepleters for two reasons. Most atmospheric ozone is concentrated within the stratosphere, about 1530 km above the earths surface. The annual reports are to be submitted on the following schedule. However, one im portant factor remained unexplained.
Phaseout of ozone depleting substances ods in the united states, ozone depleting substances ods are regulated as class i or class ii controlled substances. Production of most ozone depleting substances has been phased out under the montreal protocol. Products that normally contain ozone depleting substances should be replaced with functionally similar products that contain nonozone depleting substances. Procedure for ozone depleting substances record book. In the upper atmosphere, the ozone layer protects us. Ozone depletion consists of two related events observed since the late 1970s. R4a is the refrigerant, which does not destroy the ozone layer, assigned for the substitute of r12 in the medium temperature units. Marpol 7378 annex vi record book for fuel oil and ozone depleting. Releasing refrigerant r12 into the atmosphere is a. I cant release it into the atmosphere, and i cant pump it back into the tank. Releasing refrigerant r12 into the atmosphere is a criminal. Progress in phasing out ozone depleting substances. Connecting with each other allows the people to be able to share their interests and get to understand the diversity of different people. It took place of other more difficult to use refrigerants such as carbon dioxide.
S with a few exceptions, this means no one can produce or. Halon r11, r12, r r111, r112, r1, r114, r115 r211, r212, r2, r214, r215, r216, r217 r21, r22 r31 r121 to r124 r1 to r3 r141 to r142 r151 r221 to r226 r231 to r235 r241 to r244 prepared by anco maritime activities ltd v. Ozone depleting substances refrigerant record log booksection 1. Ozone depleting substances record book according with marpol annex vi regulation 12. S with a few exceptions, this means no one can produce or import class i substances. All of the ozone depleting substances controlled by the montreal protocol contain either chlorine or bromine substances containing only fluorine do not harm the ozone layer. Aerospace environmental technology conference see other formats. Systems to be charged with r4a should be leak checked with. The ozone scare was a dry run for the global warming scare. This is because r12 was prohibited in 1996 because it affects the ozone layer in the atmosphere. Are hcfc refrigerants as harmful to the ozone as cfcs.
These devices began using 1,1,1,2tetrafluoroethane in the early 1990s as a replacement for the more environmentally harmful r12 and retrofit kits are available to convert units that were originally r12equipped. Explain the anatomy of the computer and give him some ideas about developing some work which might bring him an income using computers. The stratospheric ozone layer has been the centre of scientific interest for many decades for its fundamental role in the protection of. The first is that they are not reactive chemically speaking, which means they survive long enough in the atmosphere to drift up into the. Can capture liquid and or vapor refrigerant without the assistance of components in the air conditioning or refrigeration equipment. The local side effects of inhaled corticosteroids ozone. If a valve core leaks, i have a special tool that allows me to replace it without losing freon. The energy released or absorbed when a substance changes its state is called latent heat. List of equipment containing ozonedepleting substances ods a sample summary sheet enclosed below. The systemic complications of icss have been extensively studied and are welldocumented in the literature. The treaty is structured around several groups of halogenated hydrocarbons that deplete stratospheric ozone. R4a is widely used in automotive air conditioning and residential, commercial and industrial refrigeration systems, but also as a blowing agent for rigid foam insulation materials production. Pdf the discovery in the 1980s of a hole over the antarctic. Decision xx7 of the meeting of the parties to montreal protocol, related to the environmentally sound management of banks of ozonedepleting substances, is requesting both ias and mlf to consider as a matter of urgency commencing pilot projects that may cover the collection, transport, storage and destruction of ozonedepleting substances.
The united states environmental protection agency epa requires the following certification when you purchase class 1 ozone depleting substances under the global laboratory essentialuse exemption, per 21 cfr 82. For each ods, this page provides the compounds atmospheric lifetime, o zone depletion potential ozone depletion potential a number that refers to the amount of ozone depletion caused by a substance. The immediate fire suppression qualities of halon are needed in confined spaces such as on airplanes and in submarines. Ozone depleting substances ods generally contain chlorine, fluorine, bromine, carbon, and hydrogen in varying proportions and are often described by the general term halocarbons. Ozone depleting substances ods australia home page. True, realizing refrigerant r12 into the atmosphere is a criminal offense in countries that signed the montreal protocol. Ozone depleting substances odsreduction of refrigerant emissions program.
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